文法概念複習
1. 時態
[現在]Tom eats an apple every day.
[未來](1)Tom will eat an apple tomorrow. (2)Tom is going to eat an apple tomorrow
[過去]Tom ate an apple yesterday.
[完成]Tom has eaten an apple.
[進行]Tom is eating an apple now.
[完成+][去過]I have been to Japan three times. [去多久]How long has she been to New York?
[自從](1)I have lived in Taiwan since 1990.
(2)I have lived in Taiwan since I was born [一段時間]I have lived in Taiwan for 20 years.
[頻率副詞always usually often sometimes seldom never] Do you usually do exercise on the weekend?
[Be後]His hands are always dirty. [助後]He doesn't often wash his hands. [簡答在中間]Yes, I often do.
2. 問句
[有無]A. There is a party on Friday. B. David cut his finger last night. C. Tom can swim very fast
A.Is there a party on Friday? B. Did David cut his finger last night? C. Can Tom swim very fast?
[疑問詞]Tom bought two books in the bookstore last night.
[誰]Who bought two books in the bookstore last night?
[什麼]What did Tom buy in the bookstore last night?
[時間]When did Tom buy two books in the bookstore?
[地點]Where did Tom buy two books last night?
[數量]How many books did Tom buy in the bookstore last night?
Tom meets Tina in the park every Sunday because he likes her.
[誰見]Who meets Tina in the park every Sunday?
[見誰]Who does Tom meet in the park every Sunday?
[做什麼]What does Tom do in the park every Sunday?
[頻率]How often does Tom meet Tina in the park?
[原因]Why does Tom meet Tina in the park every Sunday?
[How][身高]How tall are you? [大小]How big is that box? [年齡]How old are you? [多久]How long has she lived in Taiwan? [幾次]How many times have you been to Japan?
[距離]How far is it to your school? [速度] How soon can you drive to the train station?
3. 動詞
授與動詞[give(給), ask(問), send(寄), bring(帶), mail(寄), tell(告), teach(教), pay(付)]: S+V+O+O
[給]I give you a pen. = I give a pen to you.
[借]Lend(出) Borrow(入)I lent you ten dollars.=I lent ten dollars to you.
[O]I borrow ten dollars from you.[X]I borrow you ten dollars.
連綴動詞(5來3變)[ 5來: look, sound, taste, smell, feel]
[ 3變: become, grow, get]:S+V+C(形容詞或名詞)
[看起來]She looks beautiful. She looks like a beauty.[聽起來]It sounds good. It sounds like a good idea.
[嘗起來]It tastes bad. It tastes like an apple. [聞起來]It smells good. It smells like Chinese food.
[摸起來]It feels hard. It feels like a rock.
[變]She becomes beautiful. She becomes a beauty. [變]He grows tall. [變]It’s getting dark.
[問句]How does the steak taste?(連綴+adj) [問句]What did the toy look like?(連綴+like+N)
使役動詞[let(讓)have(叫)make(強迫)]: S+V+O+V原
[LET讓]I let him cook the dinner.
[HAVE叫]I have them clean the room.
[MAKE使]I made him wash the dishes.
感官動詞[看see, watch, look at][聽hear, listen to][feel, notice]S+V+O+V原(或Ving或P.P.)
[V原]I saw him sing.
[Ving]I saw him singing.
[PP]I saw my car washed by Peter.
一般動詞[只能接不定詞][3希:hope, expect, wish] I hope to study English in the future.
[3要:want, would like, would love ] I want to study English in the future.
[decide(決定)plan(希望)agree(同意)] I decide to study English in the future.
一般動詞[只能接動名詞][enjoy(享受)practice(練習)finish(完成) I enjoy reading the book at night.
[mind(介意)quit(戒除)give up(放棄)] I quit smoking.
[keep(繼續)] I keep asking her the same question.
一般動詞[接動名詞與不定詞意思不同]
[remember] He remembered to turn off the light.(沒做記得)
He remembered turning off the light. (做了記得)
[forget] He forgot to turn off the light. (沒做忘記)
He forgot turning off the light. (做了忘記)
[stop] He stop to talk to John. (要與John說話)
He stop talking to John.. (不與John說話)
與錢有關的字
[borrow]Tom borrowed a book from Kevin.
=[lend]Kevin lent Tom a book.
=[lend to]Kevin lent a book to Tom.
[spend]Tom spent ten dollars on that book.
=[cost]That book cost Tom ten dollars.
*補充[spend]Tom spent two hours reading the book=[take]It took Tom two hours to read the book.
*補充[花多久]How long does it take Tom to read the book?
4. 被動
[時態][現] He ate an apple yesterday.
[它被]An apple was eaten by him yesterday. [進]He is eating that big apple now.
[它被]That big apple is being eaten by him now.
[未]He is going to eat that big apple later.
[它被]That big apple is going to be eaten by him later. [主+完成]He has eaten those big apples.
[它被]Those big apples have been eaten by him.
[給][主]I gave Tom a book.
[Tom被]Tom was given a book by me.
[Book被]A book was given to Tom by me.
[感官][see]I saw Tom eat an apple.
[Tom被]Tom was seen to eat an apple by me. [hear]I heard Tom sing a song
[Tom被]Tom was heard to sing a song by me.
*補充He didn’t eat that big apple. That big apple wasn’t eaten by him?
*補充Does he eat an apple every day? Is an apple eaten by him every day?
*補充When did you eat that apple? When was that apple eaten by you?
5. 有趣interest
Tom’s story interested me. =I was interested in Tom’s story. =Tom’s story was interesting to me.
[厭倦的]bored with I was bored with my job.
[興奮的]excited about I was excited about the party.
[驚訝的]surprised at I was surprised at the news.
[疲倦的] tired of I am tired of watching television.
6. 名詞子句
[受] (a)I don’t know it. (b)Why did Kevin meet Tina in the park last night?
(1)I don’t know why Kevin met Tina in the park last night.
(2)I don’t know when Kevin met Tina in the park.
(3)I don’t know who met Tina in the park last night.
(4)I don’t know who Kevin met in the park last night.
(5)I don’t know where Kevin met Tina last night.
(6)I don’t know whether Kevin met Tina in the park last night.
(7)I know that Kevin met Tina in the park last night.
[主] (a)It isn’t important. (b)What did Tina buy in the bookstore last night?
(1) What Tina bought in the bookstore last night is not important.
(2) Why Tina bought two books in the bookstore last night is not important.
(3) Who bought two books in the bookstore last night is not important.
(4) Whether Tina bought two books in the bookstore last night is not important.
(5)That Tina bought two books in the bookstore last night is not important.
[虛] (a) It is very important. (b) You should read a book every month.
That you should read a book every month is very important.
=It is very important that you should read a book every month.
≈ It is very important to read a book every month.
7. 形容詞子句:
[人]who whom whose
[物]which which whose
[時間]when
[地點]where
基本概念
Kevin bought two books.
(1)He lives in a big apartment. Kevin who lived in a big apartment bought two books.
(2)They was popular in my school. Kevin bought two books which were popular in my school.
(3)Their front pages are red. Kevin bought two books whose front pages were red.
(4)Kevin’s brother sold his book to Tina. Kevin whose brother sold his book to Tina bought two books. (5)Tina calls Kevin every night Kevin whom Tina called every night bought two books.
(6)My brother wrote them last year. Kevin bought two books which my brother wrote last year.
進階概念
In the bookstore, John’s father bought a magazine.
(1)He always waits for a bus at ten.
In the bookstore, John’s father, who always waited for a bus at ten, bought a magazine.
(2)The magazine was on sale yesterday.
In the bookstore, John’s father bought the magazine which was on sale yesterday.
(3)Kevin enjoys talking to John’s father.
In the bookstore, John’s father, to whom Kevin enjoyed talking, bought a magazine.
(4)Many students lined in the bookstore yesterday.
In the bookstore in which many students lined yesterday, John’s father bought a magazine.
(5)I hate the bookstore.
In the bookstore (which) I hate, John’s father bought a magazine.
(6)John’s father bought a magazine on Sunday.
The bookstore had a 30% off party on Sunday. John’s father bought a magazine on Sunday on which the bookstore had a 30% off party.
8. 比較級
[ =]He is as tall as I am. (Or me).
[ ≠]He is not as tall as Tom. = Tom is taller than him. (Or he is)
[>]My bike is more expensive than your bike.
[>]I like English more than math.
[多]She is almost as old as my sister.
[多]She is much older than my sister.
[多]She has more homework than Peter.
[少]She is a little older than my sister.
[少]She has fewer brothers than Peter.
[少]She has less money than Peter.
[多]She has as many brothers as us.
[少]She has as few brothers as us.
[倍]My house is three times bigger than yours.
[**] Jim buys more things for Anna than Bill buys for his daughter.
[**]Is there anything more interesting than studying?
No comments:
Post a Comment